Method of making lined bearings



April 1930. w. H. KLOCKE 1,753,435

' METHOD OF MAKING LINED BEARINGS Filed Jan. 9, 1928v INVEN TOR.

afar/1m J7. 5/006 ATTORNEYJ I Patented Apr. 8, 1930 UNITED STATES rATEN-T orrica w'nmmir ngm or woonnavnn, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR To THE CLEVELAND GRAPHITE nnonzn commmr, or CLEVELAND, onro, a conronarron or care mam-non or MAKING LINED BEARINGS application filed January 9, @9285 Serial No. 245,814.

The present invention, relating, asfindicated, to bearings and to a methodof making same, is particularly directed-to a lined steel back bearing and to a new and economical method of making same from strip stock, in? cluding the lining of the strip with the bearing metal. A further object of the invention is the provision of a bearing provided with an extremely tenacious bond between the back of the material and bearing metal.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims; the annexed drawing and the following description setting forth in detail one method and one product exemplifying my invention,

such disclosed procedure and product con-' :sti-tuting, however, but one of various applrcations of the principle of my invention.

In said annexed drawing:

Fig. 1 is a view' in perspective illustrating my improved method of preparing the strip for the reception of the bearmg metal; Fig. 2 is a transverse sectionthrough the strip after preparation; Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the strip after being tinned; Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the strip after the application of the bearing metal over the surface of the tin; Fig. 5 is a view of a blank cutfrom the strip and partially formed; Fig. 6 is a similar view showing the formed cylindrical shell; Fig. 7 is a view showing the shell while in process of bein ground over its entire surface; and Fig. 8 1s a longitudinal section showing the machining of the inner surface of the shell.

The application of a bearing metal, such as Babbitt, to a bronze backing is very easily effected by reason of the afiinity between the lining metal and the bronze, but'in the a plication of babbitt, for example, to a bac ng such'as steel, it is diflicult to secure an efiec tive bond between the two metals in the ordinary manner. I have found that an even more effective bon than is secured. with .bronze backing may be secured either on bronze, steel, or other metals, provided the surface areaof the backing strip be increased and-made irregularso that there is an actual interlocking between the metal of the bearing composition and the metal of the backing.

This increase in the surface area of the backing can be secured in various ways, but I have found the most effective to consist in blasting finallyjdivided;particles against the surface of the strip, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

asv

The'strip 1 ispassed beneath the nozzles 2,

through which particles 3 of sharp, hard abrasive material are blown with air or in any other suitable manner-to produce a uniformly pitted surface in, the strip, the character of which is shown in Fig. 2. The action of the abrasive particles on the strip is to dig out a number of recesses 4, more or less uniformly distributed allover the surface of the strip, which'are irregular in shape and whichv are provided with a number of reentrant side walls 5, into which the metal which is to be cast thereagainst has an opportunity to actually interlock or engage, which greatly increases the strength and effe'ctiveness of the bond between the metals.

After the flat strip stock has been blasted to increase the surface area and to produce the re-entrant recesses described above molten tin maybe ap' lied over the surface of the strip in"any suita le manner producing a lin ing 6 on the strip, as shown-in Fig. 3. The tin enters all, of the minute. irregularities in the strip 1, becominglockedthereto while so I the increased area of .the strip available for.

the bond is increased by the blasting from plication of the tin any suitablebearing alloy,

producing a lining 7, which may be formed relatively smooth and which alloys with the tin, forming an intermediate lay'er.8 which is an alloy of tin and babbitt. The. bondsuch as babbitt, is cast agair'ist the tin surface,

which is thus secured between the babbitt i and the steel back'has. been found extremely tenacious, and is such that the' lined strip may be formed in practically any desired shape, without causing any breaking away j of'the bearing metal from, the supporting babbitt and steel that the lined strip lar blocks from the strip, form these first into an open U-shaped element 9, as shown in Fig. 5, and then into cylindrical shells 10, shown in Fig; 6.

A shell 10 formed as desired is composed of layers of, steel and babbitt of relatively uniform thickness and has its inner and outer surfaces relatively concentric. It is thus possible by a centerless grinding operation, illustrated in Fig. 7, to first grind smooth the outer surface 11 of the shell and at the same time to subsequently secure a very much higher degree of concentricity be tween the ground outer surface and the inner chucked or mounted upon a mandrel. Either of these operations produces slight distortion at various points in'the shell even when the shell is meunte'd with perfect concentricity on the chuck or mandrel, and this distortion prevents the securing of true concentricity between the ground outer surface of the shell and the inner lining, causing increased scrap losses -in the subsequent machining operations on the lining and making it more difficult to hold the bearings to the accurate inside and outside limits which are required. In the centerless grinding operation there is'no distortion of the shell and no internal pressure. is applied tending to distort or open it any time during the operation. the shell tend to maintain it in its true cylindrical condition, and since there is no possibility of inaccurate centerin as when mounted on a mandrel or in a c uck the removal of a minimum of material only is necessary, in order to bring it to a' true smooth condition. After the outer surface has been brought to the proper condition the shell may be chucked and thenturned internally, as shown in Fig. 8, to produce the de-' sired internal surface12, which is thus made accurately concentric with the outer surface 0 scribed of applying the bearin metal thereond between may be cut and formed without aifecting t is'bond. The use ofthe centerless grinding operation to produces such a tenacious 5 eliminates material Scrap losses and permits an extremely accurateconcentricity to be secured between in r'and outer surfaces of ,the final bearings. The particular combina-' tion of" steps described make it possible to eliminate many of the'steps heretofore eniloyedin the making of lined bearings from tubing while producing a very much su perior article, oth as regardsconcentricity and the strength of the bond between the bearing metal -and the metal.

surface than is possible-where the shell is On the contrary, the forces acting on,

vthe form or construction, provided the elements stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated elements be employed, whether produced by my preferred method or by others embodying steps equivalent to those stated in the following claims.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 2+- 1. In a method of making lined bearings, the steps which consist in subjecting a strip of sheet metal to a percussive action to produce a multiplicity of minute irregular recesses therein, tinning said surface, and then casting a bearing material capable of alloying with tin over the tinned surface of said stri r 2 In a method of making linedfbearings, the steps which consist in subjecting one'surface of a strip of sheet metal to a percussive action to produce a multiplicity of minute recesses therein having an aggregate area exceeding the superficial area of said surface by a considerable amount, then casting a thin layer of a material capable of alloying with the final bearing material. all over the recessed surface of said strip and finally casting a bearing material against such prepared surface of said strip, thereby producing a mechanical and integral bond between the hearing-material and the metal of saidstrip.

3. Ina method of making lined bearings, the steps which consist in subjecting one surface of a strip of sheet metal to a percussive action to produce a multiplicity of minute irregular recesses therein provided with reentrant lateral surfaces, castin material over the recessed sur ace of said strip to produce an integral and mechanical bond between bearing metal and the metal of said strip capable of withstanding breakage when said strip is bent and formed into cylindrical shape. I

4. In a method of making lined bearings, the steps which consist in forming into a cylindrical bearing a strip of rolled sheet metalv providedwith a layer of bearing metal integrall and mechanically bonded to one surface t ereof, grinding said resulting shell in a centerless grinding apparatus to reduce a true smooth cylindrical outer sur ace and then .machining the inner surface while a bearing i Ill inner 

